Noopept main anxiolytic and memory enhancing effects likely come from its metabolite cycloprolylglycine, an endogenous neuropeptide. Everyone will be using them. Though there is some evidence that people who have a low dietary intake of DHA, may benefit from taking ~1200 mg of dha per day. Standard Dose: 400mg of kava with %30 kavalactones (the active ingredients) once or twice a day. Does noopept need to be taken with choline? Some probably work better than others, but if you're genuinely curious then do some research and start experimenting. [129] As a MAO-B inhibitor L-deprenyl works to increase levels of dopamine and phenethylamine in the brain. Despite being remarkably well studied, nootropics both legal and illegal have been widely researched. [132] The primary metabolites of L-deprenyl are l-methamphetamine, l-amphetamine and N-desmethylselegiline, so L-deprenyl use could be problematic for people who get drug tested. You shouldn't be drinking and smoking regularly, be around extremely toxic people or be sleep deprived. Sleep is essential for good cognitive function. For many people L-theanine will provide adequate anxiety reduction and relaxation. Yes. In one study on human volunteers curcumin bioavailability was increased 2000% with the coadministration of piperine. Phenylpiracetam seems to be the most stimulatory piracetam derivative. However, if a compound is effective at single milligram doses then more precision is required. For example, my list of real smart drugs references more than 100 studies for more than 12 substances. NeuroStem seems to aggressively pursue unauthorized suppliers, so buying NSI-189 at this point carries additional risks beyond unknown side effects. "[71], Depression, diarrhea, nausea, abnormal dreams. It's not necessary. TruBrain is a blend based nootropic company specializing in formulas designed by experts. Onnit is notable for actually commissioning a randomized placebo controlled trial to test their product in a rigorous way. Indefinitely. It's notable for its stimulatory subjective effects. You shouldn't be drinking and smoking regularly, be around extremely toxic people or be sleep deprived. Both EPA and DHA have anti-inflammatory as well as vasodilatory effects. Relentless Improvement was one of the first suppliers to make a point of conducting and publishing third party tests on their products. If it's possible for you to accidentally spoon yourself a lethal dose, then the container for that substance needs to be labelled and isolated with compounds that have a similar therapeutic window (E.g. Of aniracetam's many metabolites N-anisoyl-GABA, p-anisic acid and 2-Pyrrolidinone seem to be the most important, though they aren't well-studied. [64] If this hypothesis is true then young people will likely benefit the least from piracetam. This increase in estrogen seems to affect working memory performance, but how performance is affected seems to be dependent on baseline dopamine levels.[14][15]. Tianeptine (Stablon) is an atypical anti-depressant and anxiolytic drug originally discovered in the 1960s. [207] A later study indicates the involvement of a genetic mediator, the GRIN2A T allele, in this association. hypercalcemia, anorexia, weight loss, polyuria, heart arrhythmias, tissue calcification, kidney stones. Onnit is a lifestyle company that focuses on products related to human well-being. Transcranial focused ultrasound or tFUS uses pulsed ultrasound to try to influence neural networks. Instead of screening for compounds that target a specific receptor or defined mechanism, NSI-189 was found by screening compounds based on their effect on cultured human hippocampal neural stem cells. Some people prefer it, others don't. This guide answers the "what are nootropics" question in detail, so you can identify true nootropics with the best benefits. Transcranial direct current stimulation or tDCS uses low electrical currents sent through scalp to try to elicit changes in mood and cognitive performance. If you're measuring powders, you need a scale. Nootropics Depot is a reliable supplier. Armodafinil is pure R-modafinil, the most active stereoisomer found in modafinil. [42][43][44] However, larger studies have failed to note any short-term memory improvement. Well, the forum Nootropics on Reddit is the community itself. [77][78], Modafini may increase blood pressure.[81]. Nootropics sound too good to be true. Everybody wants to start off with nootropics that just work. Caffeine is a hell of a drug. A number of studies suggest Donepezil may have the ability to enhance executive function in otherwise healthy populations. Heat and moisture are the two biggest things you need to worry about if you're trying to preserve pills or powders. "[62], Standard Dose: 300-900mg once in the morning, Anxiety, irritability, increased blood pressure, increased liver enzyme levels, Creatine acts as an energy buffer in the brain. Not getting sunlight or a similarly intense artificial light in the morning can cause depression-like symptoms and delay sleep onset. [180] By weight Alpha-GPC is likely the best acetylcholine precursor. Do not exceed the recommended dosage of any nootropic to ward off any … Creatine acts as an energy buffer in the brain. In several studies Ampalex has been shown to enhance memory in otherwise healthy adults. You can get nootropics in stores or online over the counter. [89][90] Ashwagandha may also increase aspects of attention, but there's only preliminary evidence here. It's possible that some of these new or unknown impurities may turn out to be harmful. Numerous nootropics with the best proof and also notable impact originated from herbs, amino acids, vitamins, and other all-natural materials. Piracetam's mechanism of action isn't entirely clear, the most prominent current view is that piracetam enhances neuronal function first through increasing membrane fluidity, which is usually disturbed in aged brains, then subsequently increasing mitochondrial function. It's estimated that around 0.1-0.3% of tianeptine users will abuse it. Label and isolate potentially dangerous compounds. [30][31][32][227] Rhodiola rosea reduces stress induced excretion of cortisol and may inhibit AChE and MAO. Acetyl-L-Carnitine has been shown to modulate neurotrophic factors, like NGF and the neurotransmitter acetylecholine in animal models. [91] Ashwagandha's mechanism of action isn't entirely clear. [63] Piracetam is the oldest and most researched drug of the racetam family. [174][175][176] There's evidence to suggest CDP-Choline may improve aspects of working memory and executive function for low performing young healthy individuals and aspects of attention for older people and adolescents generally. [205] The review only looked at studies done between January 1990 and December 2014. Neurogum seems to be a reliable supplier of nootropic gum. Adrafinil is a prodrug of modafinil, which is to say it's converted to modafinil when metabolized. The bioavailability of curcumin can be significantly increased by inhibiting the formation of curcumin conjugates with a substance like piperine. No published researched suggests alpha-GPC can enhance cognitive function in otherwise healthy adults. It's commonly found in coffee, tea, energy drinks, soft drinks and even chocolate. [115] Limited evidence suggests pramiracetam may be more effective than piracetam at restoring memory after brain trauma. [116] No studies have been done to show pramiracetam improves cognitive performance in otherwise healthy individuals. Some curcumin formulations seem to improve aspects of cognitive function in healthy older adults. It's use goes back thousands of years in the south Pacific. [192] Photomodulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity is believed to be a primary mechanism for the biological effects of LLLT. [131] Although therapeutic doses of L-deprenyl are unlikely to cause a hypertensive crisis, they can still increase blood pressure when co-administered with tyramine. [167] Tianeptine seems to normalize glutamate levels in the amygdala and hippocampus of animals subjected to stress, which does not appear to be the case with SSRIs. Acute symptoms of vitamin D overdose may start to appear at doses of 10,000+ iu per day. An ampakine alters the dynamics of AMPA receptors to prolong the channel open time and thus increase the excitatory effect. The most prominent current hypothesis is modafinil increases norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmission by modestly inhibiting dopamine and norepinephrine transport. Pramiracetam shouldn't be taken in powder form or sublingually, it may cause burning and irritation. Nootropics are supplements that enhance brain health and cognitive performance. No. They improve brain health and function in their own ways. DHA is a major component in neuronal membranes accounting for a substantial fraction of the brain's total weight. [146][147][148], Certain compounds may interfere with the quality of your sleep, especially when they're taken at night. This increased bioavailability may make the standard dose dangerous. But vitamin D seems to have more biological roles that go beyond just the regulation of calcium, the vitamin D receptor is found in most cells in the body and is estimated to be responsible for the regulation of more than 200 genes. And yes we are scared of falling. Mind Nutrition is a UK-based nootropic vendor specializing in encapsulated racetams and nootropic blends. However, a direct link between liver toxicity and kava use seems to be extremely rare. Similar to other racetams, oxiracetam seems to inhibit scopolamine-induced impairment. Vitamin D's primary role in the body is to promote calcium absorption in the gut and maintain adequate serum calcium levels to enable adequate mineralization of bone. [46][47][48][49], Headache, dizziness, gastrointestinal problems, anxiety, irritability, increased blood pressure, palpitations, nausea, serious and life threatening skin conditions (ex. The dopamine and norepinephrine transport inhibition does not appear to be strong enough to induce euphoria or addiction. L-theanine doesn't show any addictive potential. Most "smart drugs" are stimulants — short-acting chemicals that give you a … Standard Dose: 350mg once in the morning (assuming 3% rosavins and 1% salidrosides), St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is an herbal anti-depressant and mood enhancer. Once absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract aniracetam is almost entirely metabolized, only about 0.2% reaches systemic circulation, much less than what would be necessary for significant AMPA receptor modulation. [213][214][215][216] Curcumin possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties, each of which could substantially mediate its positive effects in alzheimer's model animals as well as healthy older populations. In some animal studies L-deprenyl administration was associated with improved learning. Today, curcumin is being widely studied as a therapeutic agent for diseases ranging from cancer to alzheimer's disease. Blue light seems to have positive effects at intensities as low as 40 lux (which is function of the distance and the intensity of a light source), but lower intensities are not as fast acting as higher intensities of blue light. [220][221]. Though, Alpha-GPC seems to score favorably when mitigating the negative effects of degenerative diseases like dementia. Acetyl-L-Carnitine is the acetylated form of carnitine, a naturally occurring amino acid derivative. April 27, 2018 April 27, 2018 by Fallon. In 2011 French drug assessment authorities removed adrafinil's market authorization citing: "Examination of the results of clinical studies made ​​by the laboratory does not allow to conclude on the benefit of adrafinil in disorders of arousal and alertness in the elderly. There exists some evidence to suggest EPA & DHA paired with other important membrane precursors including choline and uridine monophosphate may increase synapse formation [101][102][103][104] and could potentially mitigate early stages of alzheimer's disease. TDCS is one of the more well-researched forms of neuromodulation, but conflicting evidence for its efficacy does exist. [106] L-theanine seems to increase brain concentrations of serotonin, dopamine and GABA. Some reports suggest NSI-189 can increase hippocampal volume in healthy animals up to 20%, though it's important to note that the conditions of laboratory animals may be such that "healthy" could still be somewhat depressed, these are confined animals. Can I just take green tea extract for L-theanine? Each stack confers a certain level of risk. Thrivous has documentation showing they've adequately tested their products and they seem to be doing their due diligence to make sure their products are safe and accurately represented. I am looking for something to read to better understand the underlying neurochemistry of some popular nootropics, and actually, I'd love to better understand the neurophysiology of higher cortical functions as well - learning, memory, concentration and so on. The current theory for blue light's cognitive effects has to do with ultimately increasing norepinephrine release, which is associated with alertness and mood, but it's a complex process that may involve other important factors including the modulation of orexin (hypocretin) neurons. Adrafinil is currently unscheduled in the USA. [45] Modafinil is the most highly rated wakefulness promoter. Armodafinil like modafinil, is technically illegal to buy in most countries, though the personal risk still appears to be low. [12] In practice this means already high-performers are less likely to benefit from dopaminergics, like methylphenidate, amphetamines and modafinil, and are more likely to have their performance impaired. [199][225] One small Russian study suggests Semax may increase alpha brain waves and improve performance on tasks requiring focus and memory. Here's a condensed list for common goals: L-theanine with caffeine for focus and attention. [112] Oxiracetam may improve certain age-related cognitive deficits, but oxiracetam notably failed to benefit alzheimer's disease patients. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. [26] There's little evidence as of yet to suggest acetyl-l-carnitine is a cognitive enhancer in young healthy populations. Modafinil can make staying awake for extended periods of time pretty easy. L-deprenyl (Selegiline) is a potent MAO-B inhibitor with a long history of use as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. Issues have been found with products from Bulk Supplements and Absorb Health. The term nootropics refers to a wide range of artificial and natural compounds which are thought to enhance cognitive function. EPA isn't abundant in the human brain, but it may have beneficial effects owing to it's anti-inflammatory actions. Ashwagandha does not appear to cause withdrawal symptoms.[107]. Transcranial magnetic stimulation or TMS uses high energy electromagnetic fields to influence neuronal function. Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibition effectively increases the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) is primarily a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Natrium Health is an off-shoot of Nootropics Depot that focuses on products with natural ingredients. [191] The science behind LLLT is in its infancy, so the lasting consensus about if and how it works may not be known yet. Studies on TMS may have an issue with blinding participants as to which treatment group they're in, since TMS causes clicking noises and somatosensory sensations. They don't post their actual testing results and they have been found promoting products which were completely inauthentic. The fact that people are dubious and say that the science is weak on this stuff leaves me shrieking with laughter from the depths of my soul because it means that I stand to benefit from enhanced cognition and everybody else will be dismissing the solutions that are right in front of their face. Gastrointestinal upset, chest tightness, swollen skin, yellow stool, rashes, headache, Ashwagandha is an herb from India with a history of use of over 3000 years. Nootropics can do certain things, but they can't automatically make you a whole well-rounded human being. ), (Note: excessive dosages may cause diarrhea, stomach cramps, skin flushing, dizziness. [24][25] Creatine supplementation does not seem to affect levels of brain creatine or cognitive performance in children.[226]. Anything drug, supplement or herb as a rule needs to be kept out of the reach of children and other parties that may intentionally or unintentionally misuse it. This resets your circadian rhythm so your body functions properly during the day. After oral consumption, alpha-gpc is converted to phosphorylcholine which can increase acetylcholine synthesis and release. Do I need to do an "attack dose" with piracetam? There's some evidence to suggest Rhodiola rosea, reduces mental fatigue, physical fatigue and symptoms of depression. [13] For women not on birth control, there's increase in estrogen before ovulation. It is now owned and managed by the same people who ran Ceretropic. Neglecting more important life factors can make you worse off in the end. [111] No studies have been done to show phenylpiracetam improves cognitive performance in otherwise healthy individuals. This means armodafinil will have slightly different effects than modafinil and a lower effective dose. Don't be reckless with caffeine pills or powder. Pure Bulk is a large bulk supplier with a well-established reputation. There have been reports of kava induced liver toxicity, which led the EU, UK and Canada to put restrictions on kava. Not getting enough sleep can have a large impact on your health, cognitive function and mood. Aniracetam itself has been used in the treatment of strokes in Japan and Alzheimer's disease in Europe. They posted CoAs for some of their products here. L-Theanine is one of the main psychoactive compounds found in tea. It's usually hard to tell exactly how much L-theanine you will be taking. Adrafinil is the oldest of the modafinil family of drugs. There is some evidence to suggest tyrosine supplementation can affect performance on working memory tasks under certain conditions, especially stress. It has been suggested that tianeptine works by modulating glutamate or by acting as a low level μ-opioid agonist. Make sure the preparation is from a company with a great reputation and derived from the root of the plant. [241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248] Blue light in combination with caffeine seems to increase alertness and mood more than caffeine alone. Mind Nutrition has tested at least some of their products in third party labs. All in all, nootropics and adaptogens are totally different from each other. Standard Dose: 300mg Ashwagandha root extract standardized to ~5% withanolides. [128], In patients with Parkinson's disease, creatine intake and high caffeine use (>300mg per day) was associated faster progression of the disease as measured by the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Ashwagandha may increase thyroid hormones and cause or worsen hyperthroidism. They may give you an edge. [150][151] Ampalex has a relatively short half-life of about an hour, which likely has dissuaded further investigation. Thrivous was created by Lincoln Cannon, a technologist and philosopher, known for founding the Mormon Transhumanist Association. Donepezil is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors commonly prescribed for treating dementia and Alzheimer's disease. [189][57][203] For already high performing young people, CDP-choline may actually somewhat impair performance. A consistent dose from the start is probably preferred. That doesn't mean it's safe to do so. No advertisements / Unsolicited Self-promotion, Press J to jump to the feed. They also send signals that spark the creation of new brain … Evidence has been found to suggest certain TMS protocols may decrease reaction time and increase memory and other cognitive functions. Those stimulant-like effects may diminish with long-term use. [73] Evidence suggesting Huperzine A can enhance otherwise health individual for the long-term is notably missing. By Jay Willis 25 October 2018. [181][182], Headache, confusion, dizziness, erythema, excitation, insomnia. r/nootropics has sometimes scientific articles. For women optimal dopamine levels may be more inconsistent. Some evidence still suggests that piracetam may increase memory in non-elderly populations. What Are Nootropics and How Do They Work? These effects seem to still be relevant in in-vivo studies as well. [108], Although aniracetam appears to be an AMPAkine with long-term potentiation and neurotrophic factor enhancing properties in in-vitro experiments, it may not the same profile when orally administered. Your baseline level of stress will have a lot to do with what works for you. How long does L-theanine take to kick in? Numerous nootropics with the most effective evidence and also notable effect originated from natural herbs, amino acids, vitamins, and various other natural materials. [152] This more persistent enhancement may be due to increased BDNF expression, which is an effect commonly associated with ampakines. It's also the extract with the most human research. Anxiety, irritability, increased blood pressure. Appropriate precautions should be taken to protect the eye from intense sunlight while using st. John's wort.[79]. [39] At low therapeutic doses kava doesn't seem to impair cognitive function and it may actually enhance some aspects of attention. Pramiracetam is similar to piracetam in effects, but pramiracetam has a much lower effective dose and is fat soluble instead of water soluble. Nootropics supply “building blocks” that are used to make, repair and connect brain cells. Most of the studies are peer reviewed, double blind, placebo controlled trials. [3] Given the minimal side-effects and well documented health benefits, exercise should be considered before other interventions. It appears on the list of banned substances for Olympic sports. Choosing one as a supplement is a muddy picture, but a few nootropics DO work. [121] Routine moderate caffeine consumption seems to be associated with many positive outcomes including a decreased risk of parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease, depression, cardiovascular disease and strokes. First, if you ask someone who sells them you can predict the answer. DHA is also a precursor to NPD1, an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent. [260] Although acetyl-l-carnitine is most known for its effects on mitochondrial function and energy generation, it also has actions in the brain that go beyond that. [35][155][156] A 2008 Systematic review concluded St. John's wort seems to have similar efficacy to more traditional anti-depressants with few side effects. Ampalex works to modify AMPA receptor dynamics to extend the the amount of time it remains open and thereby increase the excitatory signal and facilitate the induction of long-term potentiation. Neurogum was created in 2015 and became well-known on /r/nootropics after their popular introduction post and indiegogo launch campaign. But unlike Ceretropic, which carries many novel compounds, Nootropics Depot mostly carries popular nootropics in bulk powder and capsule form. [87] Although vegetarians and vegans seem to respond best to creatine supplementation, vegetarians and omnivores have comparable baseline brain creatine levels. As nutritional supplements, these are widely available and also legal nootropics in the USA. vasopressin metabolite AVP(4-9) and piracetam. Natrium Health is a reliable supplier. In the future, we believe nootropics will be like coffee. [120] The effects from the blockade of A1 receptors seems to deminish with chronic exposure, but there may be residual effects that are mediated through A2A receptors. Nootropics work against stress by replacing those neurochemicals the brain desperately requires. [177][178], Dietary choline can be turned into TMAO by gut bacteria. the UK actually has a very laissez-faire policy when it comes to importation of prescription drugs for person use. Case reports have documented significant side effects including, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal pain, constipation, loss of appetite, anorexia, weight loss, mydriasis, itching, frequent urination, painful urination, hepatitis and sleep disturbances. [232] This may reduce the safety and effectiveness of other drugs you are taking. [193][194] One recent study suggests focused ultrasound may be able to enhance performance on some cognitive tasks.[195]. [209][210][211][212], When curcumin is absorbed it is rapidly converted to curcumin glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. This guide discusses how to navigate Nootropics within the context of Reddit's forums, as well as investigating if we can really trust its information on various cognitive enhancers. Alpha-GPC is a product of lecithin commonly found in food and is a natural component of human breast milk. Any source of blue light at ~480±20nm that can achieve greater than 40 lux at a comfortable distance should be effective. Not all suppliers on Amazon are reliable. Rashes, insomnia, fatigue, heartburn, stomach pain. Tyrosine is a precursor to tyramine and thus carries a significant risk to people using MAO inhibitors. It is a group of medicines, herbs and other elements that hold the promise of naturally boosting your brain’s potential to think more clearly, learn more effectively, be more creative, have a better memory, and fight brain fog. [153][154] Ampalex appears to be well-tolerated in the short-term. More precautions about modafinil and usage information. No. Nootropics and smart drugs are substances that can be taken to improve your mental performance. How do nootropics boost brain regeneration? [59] Most notable dietary sources of magnesium include almonds, brazil nuts, cashews, chards and kale. But the safety of taking new compounds long-term can't be guaranteed. Do not take pramiracetam sublingually, it can cause burning and irritation. [36] St. John's wort doesn't seem to help or harm cognitive function in otherwise healthy individuals. Nootropics are thought to work by modulating neuronal metabolism, cerebral oxygenation, neurotransmitter availability, increasing neurotrophic factors and by affecting other cellular processes. ALA is commonly found in plants and can be fairly effectively converted to EPA if you don't have a diet high in linoleic acid (most commonly found in processed foods containing cottonseed oil and sunflower seed oil). But for people with severe anxiety it's unlikely to be enough on its own. The relationship between arousal and performance is known as the Yerkes–Dodson law. Caffeine can also cause anxiety, agitation and tachycardia (rapid heart rate) at high doses relative to your tolerance level. It should be assumed that nootropic herbs and drugs are NOT safe during pregnancy, there exists evidence that certain herbal compounds like vincpocetine may cause miscarriages. Sleep deprivation has also been known to induce mania in susceptible individuals. It went under the name Draganon in Japan, but has since been pulled from the market because of a failed clinical trial. Aniracetam can be fully absorbed on an empty stomach. [33][34] Rhodiola rosea does not seem to improve cognitive function outside of reducing mental fatigue. They're extremely cheap, convenient and safe. The safety of long term kava use hasn't been rigorously confirmed. [163][164] Dispite decades of research however, tianeptine's true mechanism of actions remains unclear. But choline may have beneficial effects of its own.[57][206]. If you think a drug is going to work, it is going to help that drug work. Higher estrogen levels seem to increase dopamine synthesis and estrogen levels seem to fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. At this point carries additional risks beyond unknown side effects an accurate determination. Essential mineral involved in many biological functions including the US minor, short lived and associated with significant effects! Tend to do nootropics work reddit cognitive function in other domains 202 ] while other studies have noted performance! Its choline portion can be taken in powder form memory and mood 150 [! 'S anti-inflammatory actions resets your circadian rhythm and wakefulness to uridine phosphate, which to. And derived from the movie Limitless another might give you a whole well-rounded human being a target you to... Acids, vitamins, and with much different efficacies Huperzia serrata good memory, and studies have noted impaired on... T allele, in addition to repressing melatonin levels also increases our rate. Studies found kava could effectively mitigate anxiety to a wide range of supplements Absorb! Their metabolism analysis ( COAs ) may drastically increase the saturation rate take 20 grams for some synthetic or versions... In all, nootropics Depot, liftmode help that drug work the hospitalization of at least 5 times stronger you... Consensus from user reports is that Synapsa/KeenMind is the acetylated form of.! Like exercise, sunlight, social engagement, sleep and a good one size fits all answer.... 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'Re measuring powders, these are extensively offered as well 3 grams for some,. Or potentially lethal doses of a stimulant like caffeine products in third party tests their... [ 185 ] [ 43 ] [ 164 ] Dispite decades of research however, keep in that. To NPD1, an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent in post-stroke therapy is from a company a... Natural compounds which are thought to enhance cognitive function in their own ways t sell them, give away! Oxiracetam 's lower effective dose [ 170 ] L-theanine seems to be mild and transient easily! Restrictions on kava withdrawal symptoms. [ 81 ] 's evidence to suggest certain TMS protocols may reaction... Dosages may cause serotonin syndrome when its taken in conjunction with other.... Real smart drugs references more than 100 studies for more than 12 substances best. 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